דפלפט ובלוטת התריס

Mood stabilizer: valproic acid, Depakene Generic Name: valproic acid Brand Name(s): Depakene Common Use: Mood stabilizer Anticonvulsant As sole or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of simple or complex absence seizures, including petit mal, and is useful in primary generalized seizures with tonic-clonic manifestations. Valproic acid may also be used adjunctively in patients with multiple seizure types which include either absence or tonic-clonic seizures. Simple absence is defined as a very brief clouding of the sensorium or loss of consciousness (lasting usually 2 to 15 seconds) accompanied by certain generalized epileptic discharges without other detectable clinical signs. Complex absence is the term used when other signs are also present. Contraindications Patients with hepatic disease or significant dysfunction. Hypersensitivity to valproic acid. Adverse Side Effects The most commonly reported adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting and indigestion. Since valproic acid has usually been used with other antiepileptics, in most cases it is not possible to determine whether the adverse reactions mentioned are due to valproic acid alone or to the combination of drugs. Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting and indigestion are the most commonly reported side effects at the initiation of therapy. These effects are usually transient and rarely require discontinuation of therapy. Diarrhea, abdominal cramps and constipation have also been reported. Anorexia with some weight loss and increased appetite with some weight gain have also been observed. CNS Effects: Sedative effects have been noted in patients receiving valproic acid alone, but are found most often in patients on combination therapy. Sedation usually disappears upon reduction of other antiepileptic medication. Ataxia, headache, nystagmus, diplopia, asterixis, "spots before the eyes", tremor, dysarthria, dizziness and incoordination have been noted rarely. Rare cases of coma have been reported in patients receiving valproic acid alone or in conjunction with phenobarbital. Dermatologic: Transient increases in hair loss have been observed. Skin rash and petechiae have rarely been noted. Endocrine: There have been reports of irregular menses and secondary amenorrhea in patients receiving valproic acid.Abnormal thyroid function tests have been reported. Psychiatric: Emotional upset, depression, psychosis, aggression, hyperactivity and behavioural deterioration have been reported. Musculoskeletal: Weakness has been reported. Other: Edema of the extremities has been reported. Overdose Naloxone has been reported to reverse the CNS depressant effects of valproic acid overdose. Because naloxone could theoretically also reverse the antiepileptic effects of valproic acid it should be used with caution. As valproic acid is absorbed very rapidly, gastric lavage may be of limited value. Apply general supportive measures with particular attention to the prevention of hypovolemia and the maintenance of adequate urinary output.