סרקוואל, או קלונקס

יתכן ולסרנדה ישנה פעילות ספרמיצידית הפוגעת בזרע-להלן מאמר: Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 May 1;16(9):2509-12. Epub 2006 Feb 7. The spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities of SSRI antidepressants. Kumar VS, Sharma VL, Tiwari P, Singh D, Maikhuri JP, Gupta G, Singh MM. Source Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India. Abstract The study investigated spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants with a view to generate new lead for development of dual-function spermicidal microbicides, which is an urgent global need. Fluoxetine, Sertraline, and Fluvoxamine exhibited both spermicidal and anti-STI (antitrichomonas) activities in vitro, whereas Paroxetine and Citalopram showed only the spermicidal activity. Fluoxetine exhibited better activity profile than the other antidepressant drugs with its spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities being comparable to that of the OTC contraceptive Nonoxynol-9. The non-detergent nature of Fluoxetine and a much lower spermicidal ED50 value (than N-9) may add considerably to its merit as a candidate for microbicidal contraceptive. Thus, the antidepressants exhibiting both spermicidal and antitrichomonas activities might provide useful lead for the development of novel, dual-function spermicidal contraceptives. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi. 1990 Jun;6(6):295-301. כלונקס עלול לפגוע בתנועתיות הזרע להלן מאמר: The inhibitory effect of anticonvulsants on human sperm motility: measured with a trans-membrane migration method. Shen MR, Chen SS. Source Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China. Abstract The in-vitro effects of four anticonvulsant drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine and valproate) on human sperm motility were studied with a trans-membrane migration method. Sperm motility was measured either immediately after semen had been mixed with the drug or after a 2-hour pre-incubation at 37 degrees C. When the drug effect was evaluated after the semen-drug mixture had been pre-incubated for 2 hours, the concentration of phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate that inhibited sperm motility to 50% of control (EC50) was 1.59, 4.23, and 5.00 mM, respectively. If sperm motility was immediately measured without preincubation, the EC50 was increased to 8.47 and 100.00 mM for carbamazepine and valproate, respectively, whereas phenytoin could not inhibit sperm motility to less than 50% of the control at the tested concentrations. Both with and without pre-incubation, phenobarbitone, even up to 12.92 mM, could not inhibit sperm motility to less than 50% of the control. The result was compatible with previous findings that drugs with a membrane stabilizing effect may inhibit human sperm motility. This study provided further information regarding the application of human sperm motility as a cellular model for future pharmacological research. Drugs. 2004;64(20):2291-314. סרקוואל יכול לגרום לעליית הפרולקטין שיכולה לגרום לירידה ברמות ההורמונים FSH ו-LH ובעקבותיהם ירידה ברמת הטסטוסטרון ומכאן גם השפעה על הזרע ובנוסף לגרום לירידה בליבידו.להלן מאמר בנושא: Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: mechanisms, clinical features and management. Haddad PM, Wieck A. Source Bolton, Salford & Trafford Mental Health NHS Trust, Salford, UK. Abstract Hyperprolactinaemia is an important but neglected adverse effect of antipsychotic medication. It occurs frequently with conventional antipsychotics and some atypical antipsychotics (risperidone and amisulpride) but is rare with other atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone). For this reason the terms 'prolactin-sparing' and 'prolactin-raising' are more useful than 'atypical' and 'conventional' when considering the effect of antipsychotic drugs on serum prolactin. During antipsychotic treatment prolactin levels can rise 10-fold or more above pretreatment values. In a recent study approximately 60% of women and 40% of men treated with a prolactin-raising antipsychotic had a prolactin level above the upper limit of the normal range. The distinction between asymptomatic and symptomatic hyperprolactinaemia is important but is often not made in the literature. Some symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia result from a direct effect of prolactin on target tissues but others result from hypogonadism caused by prolactin disrupting the normal functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia include gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, sexual dysfunction, infertility, oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea. These symptoms are little researched in psychiatric patients. Existing data suggest that they are common but that clinicians underestimate their prevalence. For example, well conducted studies of women treated with conventional antipsychotics have reported prevalence rates of approximately 45% for oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea and 19% for galactorrhoea. An illness-related under-function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in female patients with schizophrenia may also contribute to menstrual irregularities. Long-term consequences of antipsychotic-related hypogonadism require further research but are likely and include premature bone loss in men and women. There are conflicting data on whether hyperprolactinaemia is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. In patients prescribed antipsychotics who have biochemically confirmed hyperprolactinaemia it is important to exclude other causes of prolactin elevation, in particular tumours in the hypothalamic-pituitary area. If a patient has been amenorrhoeic for 1 year or more, investigations should include bone mineral density measurements. Management should be tailored to the individual patient. Options include reducing the dose of the antipsychotic, switching to a prolactin-sparing agent, prescribing a dopamine receptor agonist and prescribing estrogen replacement in hypoestrogenic female patients. The efficacy and risks of the last two treatment options have not been systematically examined. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia should become a focus of interest in the drug treatment of psychiatric patients, particularly given the recent introduction of prolactin-sparing antipsychotics. Appropriate investigations and effective management should reduce the burden of adverse effects and prevent long-term consequences. ממליץ להתיעץ עם הרופא המטפל והמכון הארצי לטרטולוגיה בראשותו של פרופ' אור נוי לגבי השפעת תרופות אלו